NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science

Science is an amazing subject. It consists of so vast knowledge that it is practically impossible to gain all. There are several scientific principles that are very interesting to learn and understand. If one takes science as an educational subject then it might hamper the insistence to gain the information it consists of. Science, as a subject, should never be considered a burden but to try learning the things in the syllabus. This can enormously increase students’ knowledge and help them study it better. It should be studied like we are reading some fascinating truths in the world to reduce the tension of getting a good score in the subject.

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science guides the students scientifically literate and selects it in school and opt for a career in it. Because the terminology used in the textbooks has a lot of variety of scientific words, teachers may find it difficult to teach students. But there is an advantage as today’s children are growing up in a comparative sounder world with regards to science and technology. Students can, however, refer to the solutions books which consist of elaborative and flowing language.     

Chapter-Wise Summary

Chapter 1 – Crop Production and Management

This chapter speaks about the fundamentals of crop production and its management. The students will understand the two basic types of crops ‘Kharif’ and ‘Rabi’ which are based on seasons. The students can learn the preparation of soil, tilling or ploughing, hoe, cultivator, quality of seeds, traditional tools, seed drill, nursery, germination of seeds, adding manure & fertilizers, disadvantages of using fertilizers, leaving the land fallow, crop rotation, protection from weeds, manual removal, harvesting & its methods, storage, granaries, and animal husbandry.  

Chapter 2 – Microorganisms: Friend and Foe

A drop of water in a pond contains several microscopic rounded structures and cannot be seen with naked eyes. The students will learn about major types of bacteria, protozoa, algae, and fungi. The students can know details about bacteria, Probiotics, fungi, fermentation, protozoa, viruses, vaccines, antibiotics, pathogens, carriers, vectors, airborne diseases, waterborne diseases, plant diseases, food poisoning, food preservation, chemical methods, use of common salt, preservation by sugar, preservation by oil & vinegar, pasteurization, storage & packing, and nitrogen cycle.

Chapter 3 – Synthetic Fibres and Plastics

This chapter includes the different types of synthetic fibers, characteristics, and information about plastic and its uses. The students can understand the concept of fiber, polymer, synthetic fiber, natural fiber, silk, rayon, nylon, polyester, acrylic fiber, thermoplastics, characteristics of plastics, biodegradable & non-degradable materials, and environmental effects on plastic. 

Chapter 4 – Materials: Metals and Non-Metals

There are two categories for everything around us and those are metals and non-metals. This chapter will enable students to understand the difference between metals and non-metals and their characteristics. The students will have detailed knowledge of the physical properties of non-metals, exceptions in physical properties, physical properties of metals, chemical properties of metals, reactivity series, the reaction of metals with water/steam, reaction of metals with acid, reaction with other metal salts, the reaction of metals with bases, electronic configuration of metals & non-metals, physical properties of ionic compounds, the lattice structure of ionic compounds, electric conduction of ionic compounds, melting & boiling points of ionic compounds, the solubility of an ionic compound, applications of metals & non-metals, the occurrence of metals, extraction of metals, roasting, calcination, extraction of metals with low, mid, and high reactivity, and electrolytic refining.   

Chapter 5 – Coal and Petroleum

Energy is extracted from natural sources in many forms and can be transferred from one body to another in the form of work or heat. From this chapter, students will learn about the types of energy, energy conversion from one form to another, natural resources, fossil fuels, energy stored in fossil fuels, energy used from fossil fuels, coal formation, types of coal, destructive distillation of coal, coal tar, coal gas, ammonia liquor, coke, oil wells & reservoirs, extraction of oils, characteristics of oil reservoirs, fractional distillation, crude oil boiling point & vaporization, uses of products, natural gas, and CNG & its advantages.

Chapter 6 – Combustion and Flame

In this chapter, students will learn that combustion is a chemical process in which a substance reacts with oxygen to give off heat and light. The burning of wood is combustion. The students can learn combustible and non-combustible substances, fuel, ignition temperature, inflammable substances, the fire triangle, zones of a candle flame, structure of flame, smoke, types of combustion, working of a matchstick, fire control & extinguisher, calorific value & efficiency of fuel, harmful products from burning of fuel, unburnt carbon particles, CO emission, global warming, acid rain, and the clean fuel-CNG.     

Chapter 7 – Conservation of Plants and Animals

Extinction is when a particular species is completely eliminated due to some reason from the earth. When the last living individual dies the species is said to be extinct. The students can learn about the conservation of various plants and animals from this chapter. They can study deforestation & its causes, consequences of deforestation, droughts, desertification, global warming, species, recycling of paper, reforestation, conservation of forest & wildlife, wildlife sanctuary, flora &fauna, biosphere & biodiversity, endemic species, biosphere reserve, project tiger, endangered animals, ecosystem, red data book, and migration.

Chapter 8 – Cell Structure and Functions

Cells are the fundamental structural units of living organisms and the basic unit of life. In this chapter, the students will learn about prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells, the cell structure of eukaryotic cells, cell membrane, cytoplasm, cell walls in plants, organelles, nucleus, chromosomes, DNA, vacuoles, endoplasmic reticulum, rough & smooth ER, lysosomes, mitochondria, and plastids.

Chapter 9 – Reproduction in Animals

In reproduction, there is a rise of offspring as it is essential for the continuation of a species. This chapter explains the sexual & asexual reproduction, fission, budding, cell division, mitosis, meiosis, male reproductive system in humans, testosterone, sperms, female reproduction system in females, estrogen, ovum, and fertilization.

Chapter 10 – Reaching the Age of Adolescence

Adolescence is the period of life, when the body undergoes changes, leading to reproductive maturity. During this period a child develops into an adult. This chapter states the details of puberty, changes at puberty, secondary sexual characteristics in boys & girls, reproductive health, endocrine glands, hormones, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, menstrual cycle, sex determination, personal hygiene, balanced diet, physical exercise, and negative effect of drugs.

Chapter 11 – Force and Pressure

Force is enforced by a push or a pull of an object. The force has direction and magnitude and the strength of the force is expressed in magnitude. From this chapter, the students will understand the concept of push, magnetic force, pull, net force, frictional force, vector, application of force, state of motion, and types of forces- contact forces, muscular force, non-contact force, gravitational force, electrostatic force, nuclear force, thrust & pressure, distribution of pressure, pressure in fluids, upthrust, gaseous pressure, and atmospheric pressure. 

Chapter 12 – Friction

Friction force opposes relative motion between two surfaces in contact. It acts on the surface of both bodies. This chapter is about relative motion, cause of friction, surface irregularities, adhesive forces, plowing effect, factors affecting friction, nature of surface n contact, calculation of frictional force with a spring balance, polishing the surfaces to reduce friction, normal reaction force, static friction, kinetic friction, how friction produces heat, applications of friction, rolling & using treads to change friction, and drag force.

Chapter 13 – Sound

Sound tells us about the activities around us. It is because of sound we can listen to music. Vibrating objects produce sound. In this chapter, students will learn introduction to waves, particle motion of waves, transverse waves, longitudinal waves, introduction to sound waves, how humans produce sound, the human ear, amplitude, frequency & time period of vibrations, loudness and pitch, audible & inaudible sound, noise & music, and noise pollution & measures to control it.

Chapter 14 – Chemical Effects of Electric Current

Some metals are good conductors of electricity while some are bad conductors. Using the property of conduction, metals like copper and aluminium are used for electricity. A similar case is with liquids. The students will understand the concept of the utilization of metals for electricity. The chapter contains the chemical effects of electric current, conductor, insulator, electric circuit, conducting liquid, conduction of electricity in water, electrodes & electrolytes, electroplating, and applications of electroplating.

Chapter 15 – Some Natural Phenomena

Lightning and earthquakes are natural phenomena hence some measures must be taken to reduce the damage from them. This chapter talks about the dynamics of the natural phenomena, it consists of a method of charging, charging by rubbing, charged objects, the interaction between like & unlike charges, the convention of positive & negative charges, transfer of charges, electroscope, discharged objects, earthing, lightning & safety, causes of earthquakes, seismic waves, and protection from the earthquake.

Chapter 16 – Light

The sense of sight is the most important thing in our life. This happens when light from an object enters the eyes that we see it. the students can study how we see objects, laws of reflection, ray diagrams, regular & diffused reflection, image formation in a plane mirror, the difference between the real & virtual image, multiple reflections, calculation of a total number of images, dispersion of light, functions of different organs in the human eye, visual defects, and Braille system.

Chapter 17 – Stars and the Solar System

The stars, the moon, and other bodies in the universe are called celestial bodies. Astronomy is a branch of science in which the study of celestial bodies and relevant processes. We see the shape of the moon changes every day. This chapter will enable students to understand the logic of these celestial bodies. The chapter consists of the moon & its different phases, understanding phases of the moon, the dark side of the moon, the surface of the moon, stars, pole star, light year, constellations, celestial objects, the solar system, orbit, meteors & meteorites, and artificial satellites.

Chapter 18 – Pollution of Air and Water

The pollutants contaminate water and air and this can contaminate our food too. Pollution is unwanted changes in the surrounding that affects the plants, animals, and other components of the environment. This chapter states the causes of contamination and its effect on our life. The chapter contains air pollution and the criticality of water & air. Air pollutants, carbon monoxide, sulfur & nitrogen, particulate matter, smog, greenhouse gases, effects of global warming, water pollution, effects of water pollution on the holy river Ganga, types of water, and chlorination of water.

Sources for solutions book

• Students can avail of the solutions from a nearby book store.
• You can download NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science PDFs from the official website of NCERT.
• Students can refer to other relevant educational websites and take down the notes from there.
• Schools may help students to get the book.
• One can purchase the books through e-commerce websites like Amazon.

Scope for Science in the future

Students in the science stream have a wide range of opportunities in different fields. Science graduates can avail jobs in many exciting fields with good salaries. To become a successful professional one must ensure to have strong basics and NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science will help the student to achieve good scores in the exams. Students can choose from many illustrious careers and try to grow as a good professional. Here are some of the best opportunities one can have –

• Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning – AI is the current and future trend and it plays a very important role in many fields. Machine Learning is also in great demand because of its innovative and exhilarating fields.
• Data Science – Data Science is the study of different kinds of data by applying scientific methods, algorithms, and processes. This is also a new-age career option.
• Business Analytics – a business analyst studies the trend of the data to predict the nature of variance. Data science is the study of structured and unstructured data whereas business analytics is a study of highly structured data to bring favorable changes in the business.
• Blockchain Developer – Since the involution of Bitcoin in 2010, blockchain and its associates gained at their prime height. Blockchain is the technology of the future and a lot of young people are involved in it.
• Software Designing – It is a highly creative field in need of a highly innovative mind. Software designing helps a lot of companies to help grow their business.
• Spacetech – Space science is another branch that is very attractive and challenging. Youths would like to explore opportunities in this field.
• Geology – Anyone who is interested in knowing more about the earth, soils, rocks, and land can opt for this field. Geologists are scientists who specialize study in earth and soil.
• Forensic Pathologist – While people would be interested in living persons, forensics is the field where one has to study dead people. Forensic teams help police to crack the cases with a specialization in forensic studies.
• Technical writer – Content creator and presenters of a particular subject. These people can write about science-based matters for the people to understand better.
• Astrophysicist – It is the field of science where principles of chemistry and physics are applied to study matters in outer space.

Importance of science

Science is the basis of knowing each thing in the world around us. Every single thing is scientific and with a purpose. The land, soil, water, and even our living body are full of science. Whatever you study you will be left behind to study many things. Having strong basics of science is an advantage for students because it becomes the subject of curiosity for them rather than study material.

The more you learn science the more you understand what nature is and how things are made to live around us. At the school level, you are fortunate to have guidance from NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science because it gives you immense knowledge in the easy and flowing language.

Interesting facts about science

There are some interesting things about science which are funny as well as strange. It shows how magical this world is and how we must look at it with open eyes and minds. Here are those amazing things –

• Earth’s oxygen is produced by the ocean.
• A human stomach can dissolve razor blades.
• A cloud can weigh around a million pounds.
• Bananas are radioactive.
• Humans have genes from other species.
• It can rain diamonds on other planets.
• Water can exist in three states at once.
• Solar flares are very powerful equivalent to 100 megaton atomic bombs.
• Plastic can end up as vanilla flavoring.
• Men are more likely to be color-blind than women.
• Bats don’t get sick from most viruses.
• Humans are capable of producing venom.
• There are roughly 2.5 billion T. rexes on earth but not all at the same time.
• Helium can work against gravity.
• It is not possible to burp in space.
• About half of your body is bacteria.
• We have no idea what most of the universe looks like.
• Beer is twice as fizzy as champagne.
• There are more trees on earth than the stars in the galaxy.
• Hot water freezes faster than cold water.
• Rats laugh when they are tickled.
• Soil is full of life.
• Animals use the earth’s magnetic field for orientation.
• A laser can get trapped in water.

Conclusion

Studying science is like an opening paradox where information is infinite and giving. You can take as much from the science as you like to have but utilizing it is very important. If interest is developed at the school level then it is possible to grow in the field of science. Science is not just a study but it is a process to understand what God has given to us.

Science will also help you to develop additional skills like learning about stars in the galaxy or the features of different kinds of soil. Class 8 is an ideal time to catch up on the maximum possible notes by NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science as this is the age where the skill development starts. With NCERT solutions students can better understand because they are arranged by expert professionals and the language is also easy to understand.

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